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Purpose@#This study was performed to establish and validate a nomogram for predicting the overall survival in children with neuroblastoma. @*Methods@#The latest clinical data of neuroblastoma in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was extracted from 2000 to 2016. The cases included were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. The survival curves were drawn with a Kaplan-Meier estimator to investigate the influences of certain single factors on overall survival. Also, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was applied to further select the prognostic variables for neuroblastoma. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves were used to evaluate the accuracy of the nomogram. @*Results@#In total, 1,262 patients were collected and 8 independent prognostic factors were achieved, including patients’ age, sex, race, tumor grade, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, tumor site, and tumor size. Then we constructed a nomogram by using the data of the training cohort with 886 cases. Subsequently, the nomogram was validated internally and externally with 886 and 376 cases, respectively. The internal validation revealed that the area under the curves (AUC) of ROC curves of 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival were 0.69, 0.78, and 0.81, respectively. Accordingly, the external validation also showed that the AUC of 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival were all ≥0.69. Both methods of validation demonstrated that the predictive calibration curves were consistent with standard curves. @*Conclusion@#The nomogram possess the potential to be a new tool in predicting the survival rate of neuroblastoma patients.
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Purpose@#This study was performed to establish and validate a nomogram for predicting the overall survival in children with neuroblastoma. @*Methods@#The latest clinical data of neuroblastoma in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was extracted from 2000 to 2016. The cases included were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. The survival curves were drawn with a Kaplan-Meier estimator to investigate the influences of certain single factors on overall survival. Also, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was applied to further select the prognostic variables for neuroblastoma. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves were used to evaluate the accuracy of the nomogram. @*Results@#In total, 1,262 patients were collected and 8 independent prognostic factors were achieved, including patients’ age, sex, race, tumor grade, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, tumor site, and tumor size. Then we constructed a nomogram by using the data of the training cohort with 886 cases. Subsequently, the nomogram was validated internally and externally with 886 and 376 cases, respectively. The internal validation revealed that the area under the curves (AUC) of ROC curves of 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival were 0.69, 0.78, and 0.81, respectively. Accordingly, the external validation also showed that the AUC of 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival were all ≥0.69. Both methods of validation demonstrated that the predictive calibration curves were consistent with standard curves. @*Conclusion@#The nomogram possess the potential to be a new tool in predicting the survival rate of neuroblastoma patients.
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Objective: To understand the status of self-rated health of elderly hypertensive patients in some community clinics in Shanghai, and analyze the influence factors. Methods:The elderly patients with hypertension in three community clinics in Shanghai were investigated with the basic information questionnaire and the Self-rated Health Rating Scale (SRHMS). The influence factors of self-rated health of these people were ana-lyzed by multiple linear stepwise regression. Results:A total of 458 elderly patients with hypertension were enrolled. The total score of SRHMS and the scores of its 3 subscales, i.e., physiological health, mental health, and social health, were 347.91±32.97, 142.29±13.03, 116.95±12.65, and 88.66±11.83, respectively. Totally, 88.4% of the patients were at good level of self-rated health. The results of multiple linear stepwise regression showed that age, primary occupation, daily times of taking antihypertensive drugs, marital status and life satisfaction were independent influence factors of the total score of SRHMS in the elderly patients with hypertension. Conclusion:The self-rated health level of elderly hypertension patients in the community clinics in Shanghai is good, and age, original occupation, daily times of taking antihypertensive drugs, marital status and life satisfaction are the influence factors.
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Objective:To investigate the influence of meniscus injury on the function of muscles around knee in patients with meniscus injury. Methods:From February, 2017 to February, 2018, the suface electromyography of vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM) and biceps femoris (BF) were recorded and analyzed in 22 patiens with unilateral meniscus injury, during squatting down-standing up test and maximal isometric voluntary contraction at knee flexing 70°. Results:During squatting down-standing up test, the average electromyography (AEMG) of VL and BF was less in affected knee than in unaffected knee (t > 3.945, Z > 3.847, P < 0.001), and the coactivity ratio of hamstrings in affected knee was higher (t > 3.650, P < 0.01). The AEMG of VL, RF, VM and BF was less in affected knee than in unaffected knee (t > 2.907, Z = 4.107, P < 0.01) during maximal isometric voluntary contraction at knee flexing 70°. Conclusion:sEMG can be used to quantitatively evaluate the muscle function around knee for patients with meniscus injury in different motion states. Patients with meniscus injury demonstrate impaired muscular function and altered muscle balance around knee, which need to be corrected during rehabilitation.
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Objective:To investigate the influence of meniscus injury on the function of muscles around knee in patients with meniscus injury. Methods:From February, 2017 to February, 2018, the suface electromyography of vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM) and biceps femoris (BF) were recorded and analyzed in 22 patiens with unilateral meniscus injury, during squatting down-standing up test and maximal isometric voluntary contraction at knee flexing 70°. Results:During squatting down-standing up test, the average electromyography (AEMG) of VL and BF was less in affected knee than in unaffected knee (t > 3.945, Z > 3.847, P < 0.001), and the coactivity ratio of hamstrings in affected knee was higher (t > 3.650, P < 0.01). The AEMG of VL, RF, VM and BF was less in affected knee than in unaffected knee (t > 2.907, Z = 4.107, P < 0.01) during maximal isometric voluntary contraction at knee flexing 70°. Conclusion:sEMG can be used to quantitatively evaluate the muscle function around knee for patients with meniscus injury in different motion states. Patients with meniscus injury demonstrate impaired muscular function and altered muscle balance around knee, which need to be corrected during rehabilitation.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of melatonin (MT) on nerve cell apoptosis and the expression of bcl-2 and cytochrome C genes in rat cerebrum with deltamethrin induction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (eight rats per group): olive oil control, deltamethrin-treated (12.5 mg/kg), deltamethrin plus melatonin (25.0 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg respectively) group. Animal models were established by intraperitoneal injection deltamethrin in rats. Nerve cell apoptosis and the protein expression of bcl-2 and cytochrome C genes were detected by flow cytometry with PI staining and immunohistochemistry respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with DM group (20.73 +/- 3.34), the positive expression gradation of the bcl-2 protein in nerve cell was increased significantly in MT groups (DM + MT(25) was 45.26 +/- 3.84, DM + MT(50) 39.4 +/- 4.04 and DM + MT(100) 34.4 +/- 4.52) (P < 0.05) but significantly lower than the control group (59.33 +/- 4.03). Compared with DM group (34.86 +/- 4.15), the cytochrome C protein in nerve cell was decreased significantly in MT groups (20.53 +/- 3.17, 28.73 +/- 2.61 and 28.66 +/- 4.82 respectively) (P < 0.05). Compared with DM group (23.06 +/- 3.63), the apoptotic rate in nerve cell was decreased significantly in MT groups [(15.0 +/- 1.77)%, (14.88 +/- 1.84)% and (11.75 +/- 1.93)% respectively] (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MT can protect nerve cell against deltamethrin induced brain injury by inhibiting nerve cell apoptosis, downregulate the protein expression of cytochrome C gene and upregulate the protein expression of bcl-2 gene.</p>